Dilution

Dilution: process of converting a more concentrated solution into a less concentrated solution by adding additional solvent.

Dilutions are performed when a less concentrated solution is needed, particularly when using a premade or stock solution, such as a concentrated acid.

The following equation is used to solve dilution problems:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

Where:

M1 = molarity of first (stock) solution	M2 = molarity of second (dilute) solution
V1 = volume of first solution	V2 = volume of second (dilute) solution

Example: What is the molarity of a 200 mL solution made from 50 mL of 8M stock solution of HCl?

Given:

• M₁ = 8M
• V₁ = 50mL
• M₂ = ?
• V₂ = 200 mL

Solve:

M1V1 = M2V2

(8M) (50mL) = (M2)(200mL)

2 M = M2