Effective Nuclear Charge

Effective Nuclear Charge: the positive charge of the nucleus that is felt by surrounding electrons of the same atom.

Trend: As you proceed from:

LEFT → RIGHT  then (Z_eff) ↑

BOTTOM → TOP then (Z_eff) ↑

Why?

Proceeding ↓ the group, then the “n” or # of shells increases. The more shells, the greater the distance between the nucleus and electrons, and the less of the magnetic force of the positive nucleus they will feel. That is a ↓ in Z_eff.

From left to right, atomic # (# of protons) increases, while shell # (distance between nucleus and outermost electrons) remains the same. More protons increase the positivity of the nucleus and it’s attractive force, thus ↑ Z_eff.

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